Filed under: Reflections | Tags: Catholic doctrine, female priests, feminism, injustice, women
God created man in His own image, in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them.
-Genesis 1:27
Gender is not a subject that is often linked to religion any more, but it is still a relevant consideration in modern times. I’ve already said that I don’t believe that God is actually a male. Yet, today, the Roman Catholic Church still refuses to allow women to become priests. Why?
Strictly speaking, a woman was the cause of the original split of the Church of England from the Catholic church. Henry the VIII wished for an annulment from his wife, Catharine, which the Church would not grant. Angry, the king divorced Catherine and married Anne Boleyn with the approval of the English Parliament. This led to a series of events that eventually put the king in control of the Church of England, rather than the pope. However, though this one particular woman was a thorn in the side of the Catholic Church in the 16th century, women have been a “problem” for the Catholic Church for nearly its entire history.
There is some evidence to suggest that the Catholic Church did, in fact, ordain female priests until about the ninth century. However, this is clearly no longer the case. Currently, Catholic doctrine declares that only a baptized man can receive the sacred ordination. The reasoning behind this doctrine, in my opinion, reaches far beyond dubious into ludicrous.
First of all, as a preliminary note, the Catholic Church maintains that there are definitive differences between men and women that extend beyond the flesh-that is, the very essence, or soul of a man and a woman are fundamentally different. This is a dubious claim in and of itself (with little to no scriptural support), since science has strongly indicated that gender is an artifact solely of the body and the brain. However, the Catholic Church builds upon this idea to make its case for the exclusion of women to the priesthood, as I will show you soon.
John Paul II writes:
“[The Church] holds that it is not admissible to ordain women to the priesthood, for very fundamental reasons. These reasons include: the example recorded in the Sacred Scriptures of Christ choosing his Apostles only from among men; the constant practice of the Church, which has imitated Christ in choosing only men; and her living teaching authority which has consistently held that the exclusion of women from the priesthood is in accordance with God’s plan for his Church.”
-Ordinatio Sacerdotalis
It may be necessary for me to explain this statement more clearly. So, the Catholic Church cannot ordain woman priests because:
1. The Church has never ordained female priests in the past
2. The Church has always said that female priests shouldn’t be ordained
3. Jesus chose only men as his apostles, so clearly, interpreting the Word of God must only be a man’s job
The first two reasons are ridiculous in and of themselves, but it’s the third one that should make you do a double take. Yes, this third reason is actually the core reason that the Church defends its position with. It’s actually also the main reasoning behind the “men and women are fundamentally different” position. Since Jesus only selected men as apostles, the Catholic Church apparently decided that must mean that there’s something “special” about men that makes them the only gender that can teach Jesus’s message.
I’ve heard this argument: “It’s like pregnancy: only women can have a child. Because men can’t have children doesn’t mean they’re ‘unequal’ to women. It’s just that different genders have different functions.” The first problem with this argument is that the difference between men and women in this regard is purely physical, which, as I stated earlier, has been demonstrated to be the sole component of gender. The second problem with this argument is that it just doesn’t make sense when applied to the case in question: just what is it exactly about women that makes them unable to be priests? (Do men store the power in their penis?) In the pregnancy case, men can’t bear children because they lack a uterus. But what part of a woman’s “soul” is missing that makes her incapable of teaching the Word of God? Actually, this argument comes dangerously close to the old (19th century and earlier) arguments that women are also a physically and mentally inferior sex. This certainly would have been the common belief around the time when the Church’s position was drafted.
Okay then, if that argument doesn’t work, then why didn’t Jesus choose any women as his disciples? I’ll first point out that Jesus had closer relationships with some women (specifically, Mary Magdalene and Jesus’ mother) than he had with his own disciples. I’ll secondly point out that women were, as I said a moment ago, considered in Jesus’s time to be inferior to men in all regards. If Jesus wanted a group of people to establish his church and his teachings, women would have been a poor choice because not only would they not have been listened to, it would have just been literally unthinkable for a woman to do anything that Jesus had the disciples do in that time period.
But if even that observation doesn’t convince you that women are capable of delivering the Word of God, then flip your Bible to Matthew 28:1-8, where two women discover the resurrected Jesus, who specifically gives them instructions to tell the apostles the good news. If women then could be the bearers of such fundamental news, to the apostles themselves, even, then why couldn’t a woman today read that same passage from a book in a mass? It’s not as if today’s priests cast out demons and cure sickness like the apostles did. Why can’t a woman bless bread and wine and read from a book? Can’t God work through whomever He pleases? I don’t think you’ll find the Catholic Church will hold the position that God hates women, or refuses to work through them.
Given all of this, then, it is nothing short of outrageous that the Catholic Church still refuses to ordain female priests. The Catholic Church tells women instead that if they want to serve God, they can become a nun. By the way, there are also men who do the same thing as nuns in the Catholic church: they’re called monks. Regardless of what musty old doctrine the Catholic Church cites, the fact that they won’t change their position on this issue amounts to full-out sexism. I won’t actually accuse the papacy itself of being sexist, but in a time where new priests are being ordained at an all-time low, it is mystifying why the Church clings to this inequality (I also believe homosexuals should be ordained, but I won’t go on about that here).
Traditions are important, but as “Fiddler on the Roof,” if I may cite a popular musical, demonstrates, some traditions are worthless and are a detriment on the very system they are supposed to protect. If the Catholic Church wishes to regain its influence, especially with younger people, it must take a bold stand, which will echo throughout the entire globe.
-Timothy
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Hello Timothy,
I am writing a paper on woman priests for my Religions and Social Order and Disorder class and I wanted to use this blog. However, it would be pretty unprofessional of me to cite this without your last name. If you could please email me back it would be extremely helpful. Thank you!
Amber Haan
Comment by Amber April 10, 2009 @ 9:20 amHello,
After reading your point of view on this issue, I have to say, I couldn’t agree with you more. The inferiority of women in history was entirely the doing of humans, and in no way by God. This means we, as humans, can right the wrong.
I also believe that God would want as many people to preach his word, and he would not discriminate against such a thing as gender. Yes, men and women generally have different natures, but are either of these natures specifically destined for priesthood? It shouldn’t matter.
Nuns do not have nearly the amount of luxuries that a priest has. If this is the only thing that women can become if they wish to take such a step in God’s way, we really need to move out of the dark ages.
People say that such a large change in the Catholic Church may change the Church forever. Who says this is a bad thing? If no changes in our church were brought about whatsoever, we would perhaps be still listening to Mass in Aramaic.
Vatican II saw the Catholic Church move into the 20th Century. Now, we need to move into the 21st.
-Amber
(Actually, I’m also using this blog entry for an ethics paper at school, and I find it extremely interesting to analyse your argument. You are to be commended for your skills of communication.)
Comment by Amber April 11, 2009 @ 4:46 amThank you! I’m glad you enjoyed it and that you agree. I can help you cite this website if you want.
Also, please share it with your friends!
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Pingback by God & Politics, Part II « Letters From Timothy April 29, 2009 @ 6:48 pmThere are a couple problems with your theory.
1. Though women were seen as inferior in some regards during Jesus’ time, there were already established female priests. Thus, saying that Jesus didn’t pick them because they would be ignored is ridiculous. The Jews certainly would’ve been accepting of a female priest, but he specifically did not choose any.
2. Even if the time that Jesus lived during did play a role in a woman’s position. God is perfect and sent His Son during the *perfect* time. Thus, God already knew if He sent Jesus in a time like *now*, Jesus would be rejected and arrested for being called a sexist. So, God is perfect, Jesus is perfect and He was sent during the perfect time.
3. Do you have proof of women being ordained priestesses and being *accepted* by the Catholic Church? That is the main key there. Yes, women have been ordained–illegitametly–throughout the ages. Just because there was a female ordained does not mean the Church accepted such an ordination. You’ll find that you can’t prove your point.
Here are the main reasons that female priests are not allowed:
1. A priest in the Confessional and during the Consecration of the Mass is in the “person of Christ”. As Christ is male, therefore the priest is male.
2. A priest, when he is ordained, literally makes marriage vows to the Church. He is marrying the Church, who is the Bride of Christ. As a marriage can only be between a man and a woman, the priest must be male as the Church is female. (Of course, you might balk at this since you are obviously for homosexuals in the priesthood, you are most likely for homosexual marriage).
3. Men are the head of the household. It was set up this way by God and, again, always has been this way. Thus, the head of God’s Church (His family) is also male–Christ. Christ places a head in each church, thus also male. They are to protect, lead and feed their family, as the men of each family is to do.
The Church is not sexist nor is she trying to oppress women. It’s almost ridiculous when you look and see that the Church venerates Mary and believes that she is the “cause of our salvation” as without her Jesus would not have been born. We honor women all over the world, we would not do so if we believed women were inferior to men.
But men and women do have different jobs–equal in importance, but different. Men are the head, but women are the heart. Men are more visual, but women are more emotional (scientific fact).
We are different and it’s not just because of our gender. Men usually want to see the Biblical basis for whatever and are more into that and visual aspects of religion whereas women are usually more into the spiritual side of religion.
We all have our jobs. Men are physically stronger than women. Is it because women lack muscles? No, they have them. Is it because women don’t have a penis? No, because there have been men who have lost theirs, but they are stronger still. So why?
You claim that men can’t have children because they don’t have a uterus, which is true, but there are other examples of what men have but women lack. They are stronger than us because they are men. Does it make them better? No. Does it make us inferior? No.
It’s just the differences between men and women.
Your arguments are weak.
I am a Roman Catholic female. I do not feel inferior because I cannot become a priest. I do not feel inferior because I’m not as strong as a man. I am a woman and I am a devout Catholic and I stand by the fact that only men can be ordained as priests because that is their place in God’s plan. I have a different, just as important, place and I do not feel inferior in any way.
Amen.
Comment by Rachel August 5, 2009 @ 10:56 amRachel,
Thanks for taking the time to provide a dissenting view on this letter. I do have a response for each of your points, and they are here:
1. If this is true, I was unaware. Are you sure they were Jewish priests? There were undoubtedly women priests of the Roman mythological religion at the time. Please let me know where I can find out about Jewish female priests of the day. Assuming that this is in fact true, it seems odd that God would permit and then refuse the ordination of female priests.
2. Evidently, God did send Jesus when it best suited Him. However, it is ridiculous to speculate that Jesus would be arrested for being sexist if he were sent today, even if you could be arrested for such a thing. There is absolutely no way to know what would happen if Jesus had come today. It seems unlikely that he would make exactly the same choices, since today is so radically different than ~30 AD.
3. This is not proven, but it has been suggested by historical theologians such as Phyllis Zagano and Gary Macy. Even if it is not true, I don’t believe it would undermine the essential points of my argument.
For the reasons you provided that women priests are not allowed:
1. A title created by the Church does not imply that God does not want women to be priests. God may be perfect, but the Church is decidedly not, as it is composed of humans. Even if the priest truly does become person of Christ in mass, it must obviously be in a spiritual sense. As I argue in my letter, there is no real reason to believe that the spirit has any gender whatsoever. In fact, Jesus says himself that in heaven, we are not married but are like “angels in heaven” (Matthew 22:30) which seems to imply asexuality.
2. Regardless of my views on homosexuality and homosexual marriage, this argument is silly. The Church as the “Bride of Christ” is strictly metaphorical. The Church is not one person, it does not go home to bed with the priest, and it does not have a gender. If the priest marries the Church, how then is the marriage consummated? With so many priests, is the Church a polygamist? Again, these ‘marriage rites’ are a ritual that was created by the Church itself and not Jesus.
3. This assumes that the Bible is the literal, inerrant word of God. It is true that in several chapters of the Old Testament, men are described to be the head of the household and the wife subservient. However, I do not accept this is the will of God for reasons explained in my letter titled “Fundamentalism.” However, temporarily ignoring this argument, the Church as the priest’s family is also an idea of human origin. Actually, Jesus seemed to explicitly say to call no man on Earth “Father” (Matthew 23:9), which runs against not only this idea, but the Church’s general practice of calling priests “father.”
I never claimed that the church was trying to oppress women, even if that is, in my opinion, the end result of its doctrinal position. It is true that the Catholic Church venerates the Virgin Mary (perhaps beyond all protestant denominations), but this does not excuse its position on the ordination of female priests. You again cite numerous physical differences between men and women, but again there is absolutely no reason to assume that these differences extend beyond the physical. Further, some of the differences, such as men being more “visual” and women more “emotional,” are most emphatically not scientific fact. Your claim about the difference between male and female approaches to religion seem similarly misinformed. I challenge you to produce evidence to support both of these claims.
The Church as a whole may not look down on women, but in my view and the view of many Catholic women, its policy does. It simply does not make sense to just assume that since Jesus did not select a woman as one of his “official” disciples that women are somehow spiritually incapable of being priests. All of the other reasons are simply further justifications. I don’t pretend to know why Jesus chose who he chose, and I don’t think the Church should either. Keep in mind that most, if not all, Protestant denominations allow women to be priests. I’ve attended an Anglican service presided over by a woman and found it spiritually fulfilling.
I am very glad that you are a devout Catholic and that you do not feel inferior to men. You are not. You can pray and do the works of God like any man. However, I hope God gives you the courage to question the works of humans. The Catholic Church has made many mistakes in its existence, and I urge you to see this position as one of them. Despite my outrage at the position, I do count myself beside you as a fellow Catholic. I hope that you will reply to me again, so I may modify my letter if necessary.
Peace,
Comment by lettersfromtimothy August 6, 2009 @ 10:56 pmTimothy